This command will display the last 93 bytes in the file: tail -c 93 list-2.txt Note that a newline character counts as one byte. This could be useful if you have a file of text that was formatted into regular-sized records. You can tell tail to use offsets in bytes instead of lines by using the -c (bytes) option. ![]() You can page through the text in a controlled fashion.īecause there happen to be 20,445 lines in this file, this command is the equivalent of using the “-6” option: tail +20440 list-1.txt If that’s the case, it makes sense to pipe the output from tail into less. If your file is very long and you pick a line close to the start of the file, you’re going to get a lot of output sent to the terminal window. The + (count from the start) modifier makes tail display lines from the start of a file, beginning at a specific line number. Displaying Lines from the Start of a FIle Just pass the filenames on the command line: tail -n 4 list-1.txt list-2.txt list-3.txtĪ small header is shown for each file so that you know which file the lines belong to. You can have tail work with multiple files at once. Technically, this is an obsolete command form, but it is still in the man page, and it still works. Make sure there are no spaces between them. To see a different number of lines, use the -n (number of lines) option: tail -n 15 word-list.txtĪctually, you can dispense with the “-n”, and just use a hyphen “-” and the number. Each line is numbered, so it should be easy to follow the examples and see what effect the various options have. The example files we’re using contain lists of sorted words. Pass the name of a file to tail and it will show you the last ten lines from that file. For example, log files generated by applications haven’t changed their format. And for that matter, there are still plenty of log files that are not system generated and are still created as plain text files. There’s more to the tail command than showing updates in real-time. So does this mean the tail command is a solution in search of a problem? Does it still have anything to offer? ![]() To read these log files, you must use the journactl utility. The tail command works with plain text formats. No longer created in plain text, under systemd they are recorded in a binary format. This role used to be handled by the older init system.Īlong with this change came a new format for system log files. This is the first process executed, it has process ID 1, and it is the parent of all other processes. Many modern Linux distributions have adopted the systemd system and service manager. This makes it a great tool to monitor log files. It can also monitor a file and display each new text entry to that file as they occur. Usually, new data is added to the end of a file, so the tail command is a quick and easy way to see the most recent additions to a file. The tail command shows you data from the end of a file.
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